Radisson

RADISSON BLU LIMFJORD HOTEL AALBORG ? INTRODUCTION ? PORTER'S FIVE FORCES Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel Aalborg is a luxurious 4-star property conveniently located near the centre of Alborg. Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel Aalborg is a business-friendly hotel within walking distance of Jomfru Ane Gade, Osteragade, and Gammeltorv. Additional points of interest include Aalborg Congress and Culture Center and Jens Bangs Stenhus. PORTER'S FIVE FORCES Values Values include the things that the firm gives high priority. This can either be the firm’s service, relationship with the environment or the attainment of goals.The company’s values service to clients and relationship with the environment. The company wants to make sure that proper service is given to clients and they maintain a good relationship with the clients. The company is doing well in showing how they value the clients and the environment. Hotel Rooms Hotel customers are offered the following room facilities: fax machi ne, direct-dial phone, in-room safe, coffee/tea maker and climate control. Rooms are equipped with iron/ironing board as well as trouser press. In addition there is minibar in the rooms. Beds: Rooms are also equipped with extra towels/bedding items.Hypoallergenic bedding is also available. Guests of the hotel may request a crib/cot (infant beds). Bathroom amenities include complimentary toiletries and hair dryer. Entertainment: The in-room entertainment facilities at this welcoming hotel include cable television service and pay movies. Internet connection options: Guests are sure to appreciate television Internet access (complimentary) and high-speed Internet access. An additional charge is applied for Internet access. Housekeeping services and complimentary newspapers are also offered. Environmental scanning OpportunitiesAn opportunity for The Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel Aalborg is to find out more ways to give a distinctive look and features to the hotel. By doing this the company will have competitive advantage over other firms. This will help the company have unique identity in its various markets among their competitors. An opportunity for the company is to improve the features of the leisure amenities they currently have. By doing this it can attract more markets and it will help them attract tourists that will come to the country they operate in. Hotel Amenities Food options at Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel Aalborg include a restaurant.A complimentary breakfast is served daily. Room service is also available. Our hotel provides a 24-hour front desk service. ATM/banking and currency exchange facilities are also offered. Public areas of Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel Aalborg are air-conditioned. Leisure amenities: Guests can also enjoy the following spa/wellness facilities: sauna. Other available services: tours/ticket assistance, television in lobby, safe-deposit box – front desk, roll-in shower, on-site car rental, laundry facilities, express check-ou t, elevator/lift, dry cleaning/laundry service, concierge desk, complimentary newspapers in lobby.Business & Internet: Guests at Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel Aalborg can use a well-equipped business centre and meeting room(s). Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel Aalborg Internet options: wireless access; dial-up access in public areas; high-speed connection in public areas; access in public areas is available for an additional fee. Threats The main threat to the Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel Aalborg is the competitors. The competitors like BEST WESTERN Hotel Scheelsminde and Hotel Hvide Hus try various tactics to make it difficult for Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel to maintain its standing in its various markets.The threat to the company includes the laws in the country they operate in. Another threat to the company is the tariffs and taxes that the company has in its various market, each countries has its own rate of taxes and tariff that creates additional expenses for the company. Lastly a thr eat to the company is the culture of some clients in the market. Resources Resources The Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel’s resources come from reliable suppliers and manufacturers. The materials used in the hotel are made of the best kind of raw materials and come from reliable suppliers.Another resource for the company is its personnel that provide the best kind of service to guests and clients. The personnel make sure that clients receive the satisfaction they need. Human In providing excellent service to the clients, a company needs to have a dedicated staff that performs well and knows that the service they give to the client can help The Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel have a positive or negative image. The staff of the company is well trained to ensure that the best service can be given to the clients. The company makes sure that it hires promising individuals that can assist in the company’s task of reaching their goals.It makes sure that the personnel have a distinct s kill that matches the company’s goal. Skill The Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel’s capabilities include its use of sophisticated technologies to provide the best kind of services. The Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel has a set of production regulations that makes sure that every stage in the company’s operations will minimize any waste on time and effort. The Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel has made use of advanced technologies to provide services to the personnel and give them complete security. It also makes use of better security systems to rooms, hallways and other vital places.The Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel makes sure they are updated to what is happening and they can adjust to these changes. Capabilities The main capabilities of the company are on the well trained personnel. The personnel serves as the arm of the firm and they show how the company meant by total customer satisfaction. The personnel of The Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel are well skilled in assisting the cl ients and giving them excellent service. The company makes sure that they hire individuals who are skilled in management, human relations, fine dining and other qualities that a member of a hotel business needs.Radisson Blu Limfjord Hotel also looks for various activities, seminars, and symposium that will help the personnel improve their skill. Competencies Distinct Competencies The company makes sure that the employees are paid accordingly but the personnel are expected to provide a good kind of service. The company makes sure that clients receive a good service based on the money paid by the clients. The company also makes sure that the personnel are compensated well. The company’s distinct competency is embedded on its efficiency of service. The company also makes sure that the best lodging and assistance will be given to the clients.Developing operation strategy Competitive priorities The priorities for the operation plan are the cost of the strategy, the personnel that will be involved, the time that will be used and the effect of the strategy. The cost of the strategy should not be too high; it should be reasonable enough and should be worth it. The personnel that will be involved should be properly briefed before they take part in the endeavor. The personnel that will be involved should know why they are chosen to take part in the training and what is expected of them.The time that will be used should be limited to days that the personnel are off. It should not hamper the delivery of service. The whole process of training should not exceed one year from the start of the endeavor. The strategy should make sure that it will have imminent effects to the personnel. The result of the strategy should be evident in the way the personnel will serve the clients. Supporting production requirements The structure requirement includes the use of the various facilities where the training process will take place.The various facilities would be the rooms in the hotel that have no immediate schedule and would be available for the firm to conduct trainings and seminars. Another structure requirement would be the different instructors who will facilitate the training/seminar. The instructors would be experienced in their field. The infrastructure requirement includes the quality measures that will focus on making sure that the whole endeavor would result to a positive thing for the company. Process flowchart The first thing that happens is the Hotel receives inquires from the clients.The inquiry can be in the form of personal correspondence, by phone or by email. In this part the client asks for any available room. The company then checks for the availability of a room. If there is no room available, the company informs the client about the situation and ends the transaction. If there is a room available, the company will then inform about the rooms that are available. The company will then ask the client if they would want to rent the avail able room, if they choose not to rent they will be given another room that is available.If the client chooses to stay in the room the hotel will book the client to the available room and provide the service the client needs. REFERENCES: Aharoni, Y. & Nachum, L. Globalization of services: Some implications for theory and practice. London: Eds. ; Routledge, 2000. Brewster, C. , Harris, H. & Sparrow. Human Resource Management . New York, 2004. Burke, R. J. & Cooper, C. L. Reinventing Human Resources Management: Challenges and new directions. New York, 2004. http://radisson-limfjord-alborg. h-rez. com/index. htm? lbl=ggl-en&gclid=COLQ0ci8zLYCFbMQtAod8FUA-Q

Data collection techniques

A non-probabilistic sampling technique – the convenience sampling method, was utilized in this research. Since there was only one group, the issue of subject assignment to groups did not arise. Even though the convenience sampling method is easy to organize, cheaper and fast to carry out, the subjects chosen are usually not representative.Therefore, it is virtually impossible to generalize the outcomes of this study. Since the outcomes cannot be generalized then the study can be thought of as lacking in validity. Besides, the convenience sampling method enhanced the possibility of bias in the study.Data was collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire used was a 14 question survey instrument. The instrument was sectioned into 3 parts with 6 questions in part 1, 4 questions in part 2 and 4 questions in part 3. The type of data collected was primary data and was qualitative in nature. A major flaw in this research is that calculation of the validity and reliability of the test instrument was not conducted. No controls were usedResearch methodologyIn terms of the research methodology and design used, the research was an empirical, qualitative study. As it was conducted in the real world setting, it cannot be easily replicated, and lacks internal validity as well. Â  Lack of internal validity is indicated by the absence of alternative explanations to the outcomes obtained.Besides, the study is more prone to subjective interpretation, lacks external validity since the data was particularized to one case, and it is not possible to generalize the findings to other settings. Other flaws in the design include the possibility of bias in the survey instrument, interviewer bias, bias in the questionnaire design, learner bias and bias in the administration of the questionnaire.Statistical analysisThe investigators made use only of descriptive statistics. Since no inferences were being sought, no relationships were being examined and the data was qualitative, t he statistical method chosen was very suitable for the study. The data analysis is appropriate to answer the specified research question.Critique of articleThe study is presented in a simplified manner, has logical flow, and the reader is able to follow the article with relative ease. Even so, the researcher could have made better use of graphics by using graphs, pie-charts and bars to present the outcomes.Since it was devoid of recondite terms and terminology, the writing style is deemed to be appropriate for the target audience. Flaws in the structure of research pertained to the design and include lack of validity and bias.To reduce the errors and flaws identified in the study, the researcher can use randomized sampling methods. To eliminate bias in questionnaire design, appropriate formatting should be done and redundant and lengthy questions avoided. Bias due to administration of the questionnaire can be eliminated by blinding the interviewer. This will also help to ensure the objectivity of the interviewer.The test-retest method can be used to enhance the validity of the outcomes and culturally sensitive questions formulated. Language used should be consistent, unambiguous and devoid of jargon. Finally, respondents should not be asked to answer attitudinal, behavioral or knowledge questions for others.

Should college dorms be separated between male and female Research Paper

Should college dorms be separated between male and female - Research Paper Example Promiscuity is another element which needs to be considered here, promiscuous men and women are ruining our society and the same can easily happen should men and women reside in the same dorm. Sexually transmitted diseases would spread should promiscuous men and women change partners on a regular basis and this would not be good for the others residing in the same dorm, there would be unrest and quarrel in the dorm should men and women reside in the same dorm. These are very valid points which need to be considered and these are very logical arguments too. There are positives also which must not be ignored; there are several advantages of sharing dorms. Men and women both live together in a society and staying together would certainly prepare them for the future and make them stronger emotionally. The real life experience that they would get by staying together would be second to none and they can learn a lot of things from each other but it can lead to a lot of quarrels also. It is important to consider the other side because every coin is two sided and it is highly unfair to ignore the other side. â€Å"Many students who live in coed dorms argue that its not that big of a deal. Dorm life is not one big college sex party. Male and female students have the same basic housing needs-- sleeping accommodations, a place to study, and companionship. Why separate people with the same needs? After all, students are adults.† (Coed Dorm Life) Having men around is always good as far as the safety of women is concerned but men also pose serious safety problems to women and many a time it becomes very difficult to handle aggressive males chasing women and this can be a very serious problem should men and women stay in the same dorm. â€Å"Coed dorms provide lots of dating opportunities. Unfortunately, dating someone in your dorm isnt necessarily a good idea. Its

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 136

Assignment Example This was a leadership position that required that I put up my very best. As the leader, the output of the innovative strategy depended much on my personal characteristics, leadership skills, as well as the level of motivation I gave to the group. Knowing how importantly the manager took this workplace responsibility, I shivered when the role was first assigned to me. To overcome my fears, I decided to consult the best leadership books and leadership mentors I knew. In the course of doing this, I realized that I was becoming too many people at a time. Eventually, my natural self was getting lost and this made me more nervous than calming me down. As a result, I decided to look into my own self and also come up with something innovative that would rather be copied by others. Indeed, this approach worked like magic because through myself motivation, I was able to inspire my colleagues in a democratic leadership style the ensured that we came out with the best strategy for the department . The second scenario was quite similar to the first one but happened in a social context. A friend of mine approached me with a social problem that he wanted me to help him resolve. Immediately, I started looking for mentors around me, with whose life I could set a yardstick for the friend. This was not helping and so I decided to use myself. In the eventual while, I realized that this was a much perfect approach. Because I was therefore for the friend and not the models I tried to use. In fact, I took the problem of the friend to be a personal problem and ensured that I gave social advice that helped the friend to sharp his life for the better. As constantly as possible, I visited the friend to evaluate the progress he was making. Where he was facing challenges, I offered encouragement and support rather than scorning him. With time, the friend could overcome his social problem due to how committed I was towards helping him. The last episode came when I attempted to Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6 Assignment Example Hence it can be seen that country A has a comparative advantage over the production of toys. As for the pineapples, if country A produces 1 pineapple, its opportunity cost would be 0.5 toys and if country B produces 1 pineapple, its opportunity cost would be 0.3 toys. This clearly shows that country B has a comparative advantage over country A over the production of pineapples. Hence it can finally be said that country A should focus on pineapple production while country B should focus on the toys department. This way both the companies would excel at specialization and this would further lead them to gain long-term business advantage with such collaboration (Sloman, 2007). Works Cited Top of Form Sloman, John.  The Economic Environment of Business. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2007. Print. Bottom of Form

Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Hamlet - Essay Example relationship between siblings is often an indication of the general condition of love and cohesiveness in the family, which is desirable for harmonious living. Inasmuch as effective sibling relationship is encouraged in the family, there are special incidents where it has developed to incest, where siblings engage in sexual relations. Sometimes the father can have an incest relationship with his daughters and boys or the mother engages in an incest relationship with the sons and so forth (Sanni 143). Universally, incest relationship is often regarded as a taboo, yet a lot of arguments over this perspective have increasingly been emerging. This research explores the concept of incest and incestuous desire, examining at how it has become prevalent in the contemporary society. In facilitating this research, emphasis was placed in the quantitative methodologies, which included an examination of the journals and other research works that have been done on the same concept. This also included a number of books and published sources that have been authored on the evolving nature of human relationship. Additionally, some qualitative methods like interviewing were also done among respondents that have experienced this kind of relationships. Community social workers were also engaged in focus group discussions in trying to find out some of the perspectives that have been held by some people concerning this topic. The need for focus group discussion was thought as very effective in that it helped answer some of the crucial questions that many people have continued to hold on the prevalence e of this relationship, inasmuch as it has traditionally been regarded as a taboo. Resource persons, who included community and opinion leaders were also of great help towards understanding the community and cultural perspectives on incest. For a long time, the idea of incest and incestuous relationships has been understood from the traditional, modernist, as well as liner perspective.

History of United States Presidents considered Internationalists Essay

History of United States Presidents considered Internationalists - Essay Example History of United States Presidents considered Internationalists Financial depressions always lead to economic deteriorations associated with collapse of several sectors of developments. Any leader who uses his government position to revert such financial depressions is termed an internationalist. There are a number of people termed internationalists in the world. However, some of the good examples of internationalists include Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt who were all the United States of America’s Presidents. It is important to note that although Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt were all internationalists with the goal of increasing the US role in the world, they sought to achieve this in different ways. This paper is going to support this generalization by examining the different ways in which each of the presidents worked to increase the United States influence and powers abroad. Theodore Roosevelt was one of the most cherished internationalists. Theodore was an American president from the period of 1901 to 1909 and had several achievements during his tenure. Roosevelt was a visionary leader, a pragmatic leader as well as a true democrat who understood the plights of humanity in various measures. This president was a reformer but not a revolutionist (Oakes et al, 631, paragraph 1-5). He strongly believed in values of democracy, efficiency as well as social justice to all people worldwide.

Defining a line Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Defining a line - Essay Example These all correlate with the way we think and act as people. In these terms, a line can be a shallow mind, hatred, ignorance, segregation, and an arrogant person. In essence, the word â€Å"line† almost always implies dissimilarities, divisions, and opposition in our world. A line is something that delineates boundaries and sets limits on the ideas, beliefs and actions of humankind. A line is a shallow mind. Shallow minds are narrowly constricted and do not allow for any room for critical thinking and reasoning. They cannot see past one aspect of an idea, situation or problem. They could not comprehend the idea of a challenge thus they never really rise above that is asked of them. Their trend of thoughts is static and stale. If you feed a shallow mind with garbage information, then expect to get garbage information in return. A shallow mind is often restricted to living in a world without the more. Seeking the more is characteristic of a healthy, working mind that works off the beaten path. Therefore, a shallow mind lives in a world containing only the absence of the more. It recoils from the curvaceous and ever expanding path of deeper thought. Therefore, a shallow mind is a line. When we think of hatred, we do not normally think of it as a line. However, if we take a closer look into nature of things, hatred limits the capacity of the mind to understand. It narrows down our way of thinking, thus hatred is a line. When you are angry, you draw a line; you close down your mind and channel your energies into one direction. Prejudice exemplifies a type of hatred. It is the persistence of racism that has emanated from ways of recognizing and classifying strangers. In the Medical Dictionary, hatred is defined as â€Å"an affection of the mind awakened by something regarded as evil.† The word â€Å"evil† is the key word. It is the seed that cultivates hatred, the hatred that when grown, enshrouds a mind, and turn it into

Air Conditioning System Design for the Commercial Office Building Essay

Air Conditioning System Design for the Commercial Office Building - Essay Example Central systems are used for circulating conditioned air to different parts of the building. The primary advantage of such systems is maintaining of uniform temperatures throughout the building. While designing the system air distribution, temperatures and cost-effectiveness are important criteria. The system is comprised of plenums for supply and return; ducts; fittings; and associated components. Air handling units operate as a package unit with plant units. The system is assembled with pipework, ductwork and electrical connections at the site. The fan is placed upstream of the heater battery and cooling coil as the fans operate ideally when the system resistance of the outlet. The air distribution system is a separate distribution system as there are the specific temperature and humidity requirements. The air leakage limit is in accordance with the operating static pressure in excess of 750Pa according to the Code of Practice. The fan system has been designed as the sum of all fans required for the design conditions. Considerations include intake of outdoor air; circulation of air between heating and cooling source and space to be air-conditioned. Exhaust is to the outdoors. According to the Code of Practice Supply of constant air volume at design conditions does not exceed 1.6 W per L/s based on total fan motor power required for constant air volume fan system; and 2.1 W per K/s of supply air quantity for variable air volume system. Each floor has been considered as a zone, and individual thermostatic controls operate each air conditioned zone. However, controls do not permit heating and cooling operation simultaneously, or heating previously cooled air or vice versa. The air conditioning system includes automatic control devices for regulation of temperature. The thermostatic controls are able of adjusting setpoint temperature for the space being served.  A humidistat has been included as a part of a system that is capable of adding or removing moisture for maintaining specific humidity levels.

Thatcherism in British Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Thatcherism in British Politics - Essay Example The measures laid down by her continue to be in place even up to the time of Tony Blair, Gordon Brown, John Major and even David Cameron. Her determination in politics and the changes that she accomplished made her be respected and be viewed as being influential in many parts of the world. She is considered one of the most dynamic and plain-spoken leaders of Britain. Ideologies of Thatcherism At the time of her election, Britain was in an economic crisis and was faced with political tumult. Most trade unions at that time had engaged in strikes, and the country was at the verge of collapsing. In fact, the country was nearly bankrupt when she got elected. Thatcher made efforts to sweep polices and laws that had been set at the time of World War II. The ideas that were proposed by Margret Thatcher can be compared to ideologies that she advocated for during her reign as prime minister. Research has shown that her ideas were not original in any way within her regime. Moreover, her ideas w ere not consistent within during her reign, and that she established a culture of rampant materialism within the British history. In fact, it has been identified that her policies and ideas were conservative, and she in most cases contracted herself in regard to her own values. For instances, she advocated for less government intervention in various issues, and at the same time, this required a strong state. In an effort to make changes during her reign, Margret Thatcher put forward a number of principles that would serve to guide her in task execution. For instance, she proposed and implemented reduced power of trade unions within her state (Knight, 2010, 59). This was aimed at averting strikes and related activities within Britain. The other issue was that of encouraging individuals to be entrepreneurs so that they would create employment opportunities for themselves and others. This would serve to maintain economic stability and apart from contributing to economic development and improving the living standards of those involved in business activities (Burch & Moran, 1987, 168). Thatcher’s other ideology was the issue of imposing of lower taxes than those that were prevailing within the state. This would encourage business activities and promote private investments within the state. It would also serve to encourage foreign investors, and the result would be stability in the economy and creation of employment opportunities for the citizens. In addition to the above tenets, stated that there would be reduced government interference in the daily life of people within Britain. This would serve to promote freedom to carry out activities within the state. It would also enable individuals to carry out their activities without fear of being disturbed by the government. Finally, she was for the idea of restoring national pride within Britain during her regime. This was to be achieved through having a sturdy foreign strategy and defense system. Research has con firmed that these tenets were the core components of Thatcher's ideologies within her regime that served to eliminate the gradual processes within the country. She tried to move the country rapidly in a conservative direction. This made her acquire the title of a revolutionary, conservative leader during her

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Discussion - Essay Example 6.2 User Profile The user profile mainly consisted of six elements that allowed the researcher to understand the profile history of each Umrah Company. These elements included the following: 1- Length of Service 2- Total Number of Employees 3- Number of Employees Dedicated to e-services 4- PC History 5- Computers Owned 6- Number and Average age of Computer Literacy Staff 1- Length of Service The companies that have 10 years or less are likely to adopt to electronic services compared to the older ones according to the data obtained from the findings of the study. 2- Total Number of Employees The total number of employees has a bearing on the organisation’s chances of adopting the electronic services. This implies that the higher the total number of employees in an organisation, the higher the chances of adopting and presenting higher level of satisfaction and dedication towards electronic services than those with low total number of employees who might find it difficult to impl ement electronic services. 3- Number of Employees Dedicated to e-services Most companies often commit resources to train between 2 and 10 employees in electronic services. ... t of the Umrah services and a minority of companies constituting about 7 % has started working with computers before the new electronic systems (10-15 yrs). 5- Computers Owned The number of computers owned is closely related to the structure of adoption of new technology in companies. This means that the companies which have large numbers of computers are more dedicated towards technologies both inside and outside their work tasks. They also seem to be dedicated towards the adoption of new technologies. On the other hand, those who have small numbers of computers are only using them to access the service providers to accomplish their task requirements and neither fully dedicating themselves to technologies nor involving their end users, â€Å"clients† online. 6- Number and Average age of Computer Literacy Staff The advanced computer literacy states that it is not necessary for the companies to have large numbers of staff computer literacy but only a few who can enhance as well as execute the technical issues that relate to IT requirements. However, the average ages of those with advanced computer literacy was observed to be between 25 and 35 years and they approximately represent the highest percentage of respondents which is 41.9%. According to the moderate computer literacy, it can be seen that the majority of companies have their moderate computer literacy staff of around 2-20. Their average ages range between 25 and 30 years and was the highest in terms of response showing 41.9% while the average age between 20 and 25 years was the lowest. This implies that the majority of companies have their moderate computer literacy staff of around 25 to 30 years and above. According to the no computer literacy, it can be observed that some companies have a large number of

Learning Experience Essay Example for Free

Learning Experience Essay For the past years in college, I have faced situations that needed intelligent decisions. Though many times I have considered the possible consequences, nothing could prepare me when I faced them. In the end I always realize that I have made the wrong decisions, and I could not turn back time to change them. However, these experiences taught me lots of things that helped me to become a better decision maker. I admit that there is a part of me that always tries to avoid making the boldest decisions, despite the fact that they are the safest (Arsham, 1994), as it appears risky to me. Moreover, there were times when these decisions are nerve-racking and difficult and I was often left scared to deal with the outcome. At one point in my life, I experienced losing friends who have been with me for years. I did not notice that slowly they were pushing me down despite our friendship. And even if this one person who I just met for a few months warned me about how my ‘friends’ back-stabbed me, I did not believe her because I knew my friends better, or so I thought. It was hard for me to accept that they, out of envy, would tell bad things about me. I have confided in them, my life was an open book to them, and I trusted them with my whole life. Then one day, all of their hate words reached me. I was in shock, because my friends treated me well whenever I am around. I was in a state of denial for a few weeks. During those weeks, I was like another person. I was apathetic and unemotional (Messina, J, and C. Messina, 2007). It was like those years of friendship that we have built for almost three years were broken in just a few days. Later on I was angry at them. And then I realized that my anger was a reaction for being hurt and insulted (Richmond, 2008). The hardest part was turning my back on them because I knew I do not deserve to be friends with persons who would deliberately say bad things about me. It was really a difficult decision, because somehow I have treasured those moments when we were genuinely happy with each other’s company. What made it more difficult was seeing them in places where we have hang out before. Seeing them always reminded me how I was not careful in choosing people who would be a part of me and my life. Up to this day I am still hurt when I think about them. But the good thing is that I became better at choosing friends. I do not judge somebody easily, but since then I have found friends who are better than best. And that is enough for me. References Arsham, H. (1994). Leadership decision making. Retrieved December 15, 2008, from http://home. ubalt. edu/ntsbarsh/opre640/partXIII. htm Messina, J. J. , and C. Messina. (2007). Tools for handling loss. Coping. org. Retrieved December 15, 2008, from http://www. coping. org/grief/denial. htm

Code of Conduct BLANK, Inc Essay Example for Free

Code of Conduct BLANK, Inc Essay To ensure the safety of each employee and customer of BLANK, Inc., each member of the company must understand, comply to, and sign the company’s code of conduct. 1. Employees must maintain the highest standard of business conduct by providing only accurate and truthful business records. The company must relay on the honesty of the employee to accurately maintain business operations and records. 2. Employees must not mishandle company property and equipment. Each employee must maintain his or her work space and equipment for safety purposes. 3. Employees must protect confidential information. Protecting clients and company confidential information is of high importance, not only for the company and existing clients but also future clients. 4. Employees must treat fellow employees and clients with respect and dignity. Any form of harassment and / or discrimination, intentional or unintentional, about, including but not limited to, race, culture, gender, and sexual orientation will not be tolerated. 5.Employees must not enter into any conflicts of interest with other companies of the same business. The employees are forbidden to conduct business with other companies in the same business. By signing this Code of Conduct the employee understands and complies with each point. The employee also understands that by signing the Code of Conduct, this document becomes a binding contract between the employee and BLANK, Inc.. Violating these rules an employee can and will be disciplined in the form of suspension and/ or termination of BLANK, Inc. In case of termination, the former employee will not allowed to conduct business of the same as BLANK, Inc. within 100-mile radius.

South Africa’s Comparative Advantage: EU and SADC

South Africa’s Comparative Advantage: EU and SADC SOUTH AFRICAS POSITION IN WORLD TRADE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOUTH AFRICAS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE WITHIN THE EU AND SADC INTRODUCTION The South African economy has undergone a gradual process of trade reform in the last three decades, the ultimate aim being to improve resource allocation by shifting policy towards a more competitive, export-oriented focus, and more specifically to diversify exports into non-gold items (PETERSSON, 2005). Over the last two decades the world has seen the creation of many preferential trade areas both within and across continents. Today South Africa has signed trade agreements with many countries including China, India, USA (through AGOA) and notably free trade agreements (FTAs) with the South African Development Community (SADC) and the Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement (TDCA) with the EU. The main goal of this study is to analyze and draw a comparison between South Africas comparative advantage within the European Union and within the SADC FTAs and investigate the effects of these trade agreements on trade flows among the participating/ economically allied countries. This study will also analyze the credibility and relationship between South Africas policy of free trade and its own economic performance. Background to the Study South Africa signed the Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement (TDCA) with the European Union (EU) in 1999 and with the SADC in (2000) which were intended to remove most of the trade barriers over the next decade. The European Union has been South Africas biggest trading partner both before and after Apartheid. From 1999, the European Union was a destination of more than 40% of South Africas exports while at the same time accounting for over 70% of South Africas Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The TDCA was mainly intended to create a free-trade area between South Africa and the EU, in order to ensure that South Africa enjoyed free access to the EU market and vice versa. The Agreement provided for liberalization of 95% of the imports by the EU from South Africa within the period of ten years, and 86% of imports by South Africa from the European Union in twelve years. However vulnerable sectors both within the EU and South Africa are allowed to be protected from competition. For example, the EU is allowed to continue protecting its agricultural products against similar imports from South Africa and the agreement permits South Africa to shelter some industrial products. Thus some motor vehicle p roducts, petroleum and petroleum products, beef, sugar, chocolate, Ice cream, dairy, chemical products, certain textile and clothing products etc, are protected against similar imports from the European Union products. In 1994 Economic sanctions against South Africa had rendered the economy inefficient due to years of isolation from the global economy. The post-apartheid democratic government inherited many social and economic problems among which included: high unemployment especially amongst the black population most of whom lacked education, differing levels of poverty and income disparities and lack of competitiveness in the industrial sector. All these issues required urgent attention and an almost complete restructuring of the economy, the way it was run and the adoption of policies that would help the nation emerge from decades of apartheid and international isolation. Being a complex economy that exhibited features of developing and developed nations, South Africa met strong opposition notably from some EU member countries. Later South Africa was denied trade concessions ratified in the Lomà ©Ã‚  [i]  Convention that were intended for under developed countries. , However South Africa itself did not see relying on aid as an important strategy for its long term drive towards development (Perry, 2000). As a result South Africas government embarked on improving its competitiveness in the world economy through promoting trade by negotiating trade treaties with several countries as a tool towards sustainable growth, eradication of poverty and income inequality. South Africa and the European Union finally signed a Free Tra de Area agreement in 1999 after a long period of negotiations that were characterized by all sides trying to negotiate the best deal possible for themselves. In the end, both managed to secure barriers in areas where they feared fiercest competition. For example France and Portugal already had concerns about South Africas wine and agricultural exports that were in direct competition in the EU market even before the TDCA was in effect and were reluctant to open their markets any further. Likewise, South Africa wanted to protect some of its infant industry especially in manufacturing. Perry (2000) notes that south Africa will had to fight for each favorable term of trade in which it has a strong comparative advantage as some countries within the European Union would have preferred to shield their individual sectors from any threatening outside competitive forces. They are only likely to engage in free trade with nations from which they expect more benefits rather than helping developi ng countries integrate into the world economy. Although there is no evidence yet to support Perrys argument, such should not be swept aside without consideration. Some of the main objectives of the TDCA include supporting South Africa in its economic and social transition, as well as promoting the countrys economic integration in the world economy (ROBLES, 2008). This being the case, the EUs decision to impose barriers on South Africas wine and Agricultural exports can be seen as a sign of double standards. The South African government could have expected to receive more concessions in such sectors. . Asante 1997 noted that the European Union is even more likely to benefit than South Africa because of adjustment costs originating from a general reduction of tariffs and from protectionism in Agriculture by the EU. He further stresses that South Africa tariffs are about five to six times higher than those of the EU. By removing tariffs on imports, South Africa looses five to six times worth of revenue than the EU. Losing so much tax revenue and still be able to run the economy and compete effectively, will require South Africa to have a significant comparative advantage over the EU in the production of various commodities so that the losses in revenue are covered by gains from exports. This paper is therefore directed at identifying sectors in which South Africa experiences a higher comparative advantage over any other member of the European Union. We would therefore expect these sectors to have free access to the European markets without import duties being levied on them. Literally, attaining such trade terms would mean that South Africa has strong bargaining power in the EU because it can manipulate policies that favor its competitive exports in the free trade zone. It is argued that when countries form a Free Trade Area by removing protectionist barriers (e.g. tariffs on imports, import quotas, and subsidies on local industries), they strengthen greater trading relations among themselves. This sometimes results in increased production of goods and services as firms no longer target domestic demand but also reach the foreign market. Access to the EU and SADC markets in this case will always be determined by how diversified S. Africas and its trading partners economies are, because it makes no point for countries to engage in trade of products that they can effectively produce for themselves. Diversification ensures that a country is more likely to produce what other countries do not. If member countries trade in similar products, then there should be a higher degree of intra-industry trade for the exchange of goods and services to be successful. This calls for more research and the adoption of efficient technologies that make it possible for cou ntries to successfully differentiate those products that are more or less identical. Product differentiation means that countries can produce an identical product but with noticeable differences in terms of branding, durability and value added. One of the major reasons behind forming Free Trade Area with SADC and the EU is to enable South Africa to successfully integrate into the world economy (ROBLES, 2008). For South Africas major trading partners in the EU for example, forming a free trade area involves removing barriers to trade and making few adjustments in order to allow free movement of goods and services because they already possess the prerequisites for surviving trade competition under an open economy. However, for a developing economy like South Africa, successful integration into the EU and World market involves a very wide range of policies. For example increasing production and diversification, adopting new production technologies in order to increase value added to intermediate inputs, facilitating local agricultural production to successfully compete with subsidized European Agriculture, fighting crime and boosting local demand in order to increase investor confidence, and developing the local transport syst em. Implementation of all these policies is a gradual process that requires not only money and time but also a population that is equally skilled and well off enough to participate in production and again absorb the increased proceeds from higher production and trade. According to Mthembu (2008), countries in Sub-Saharan Africa depend on taxes on trade to generate between a quarter and a third of their national revenue. By Forming Free Trade Areas South Africa hopes to increase its share of world exports by importing low cost technology and transforming it into goods and services that can be exported at a higher value and price and through producing at a higher volume and enjoying higher economies of scale, thereby gaining more foreign exchange and employment that will accelerate the growth of the economy. However this comes at a cost of lost tax revenues. Although it is true that when a country trades more, it can increase its share of world exports and demand and gain more power on the final world prices and supply, this is not always the case. Opening up to trade does not automatically guarantee economic success (Krugman, 1996, Rodrik. 2005, Rodrik, 2008). Thirlwall (2000) points out that trade between developing and developed countries has oft en resulted into trade diversion rather than creation. Rodrik (2005), amongst others, has suggested that countries should only open up to free trade when they have a very strong local industry that can compete on the world market. It is only when nations have a strong economic base that they can start benefiting from international trade. Conversely, many other studies have concluded that international trade has been a vital force behind the economic breakthrough of different countries (Hachicha 2003, Dhawan and Biswal 1999, Ahmed et al. 2007, Tang 2010) by not only increasing local production but also by provoking growth between regions. In South Africas case, we need to examine the relationship between its external trade and growth by analyzing the causal relationship between international trade and economic performance. If it is found that it is growth that causes exports, then the South African policy should be redirected altogether from focusing on international trade to other strategies for increasing domestic economic growth Conclusion At this stage, the most important issue for South Africa is not whether to trade or not but rather it is about how to trade and with which products. The over all gains from trade could be huge if the trade pattern with the EU and SADC provides products in which South Africa has a strong competitive advantage and free access to the respective markets. With a favorable trade environment, South Africa would with no doubt achieve sustainable growth and integration into the world economy. This study therefore will examine whether the two free trade agreements cited have had either positive or negative impact on the trading patterns for South Africa by studying the growth characteristics of trade flows between South Africa and each individual free trade area shortly before and after their inception. If we find that South Africas exports have been decreasing while imports continue to grow, then South Africa should push for more favorable trade conditions. These conditions would be slightly different if the imports are mainly composed of capital goods. Statement of the problem Trade with the European Union provides South Africa with diverse trading opportunities by allowing it free access to a very wide market composed of 25 different economies. On the other hand, given the fact that South Africa is a developing economy, gains from trade are limited by lack of competitive advantage in manufacturing, transport costs and the European Unions protection of Agriculture and intellectual property rights. From another perspective however, South Africa is in a better position to trade with SADC than it is with the European Union. This is because South Africas economy is more advanced than most SADC countries in terms of technology, capital, financial institutions and skilled labor, which ought to give South Africa more competitive advantage. So, following the classical theory of trade, should South Africa work on increasing its trade with SADC rather than with the EU because it is more likely to always import more than it exports to the European Union but export more than it imports from the SADC? 1.4. Objectives of the study To understand and determine South Africas comparative advantage in the European Union and SADC. To determine whether FTAs have indeed created trade for South Africa or led to trade diversion. To analyze the validity of South Africas liberalization of trade as the Major drive towards sustainable economic growth by analyzing the causal relationship between exports and GDP. 1.5. Research hypotheses South Africas comparative advantage in the EU is limited to Mining and Agriculture. South Africa enjoys more comparative advantage in the SADC than in the EU Exports cause economic growth for South Africa. There has been more trade creation between South Africas trade with the EU than with SADC. Research methodology This chapter presents the master plan of the study entailing procedures that will be followed so as to obtain the goals of the research. Study population, Sample size and source of data The study will be conducted on a population of two Free Trade Areas (FTAs) namely Southern Africa Development and Cooperation (SADC) and the European Union. In order to determine the comparative advantage of South Africa in the above mentioned FTAs, we shall consider a sample size of fifteen countries from the EU countries that trade with South Africa more than the others. The data from the other remaining countries will be used in calculations of aggregates where necessary. The EU has 27 member countries and representing and analyzing trade data for each member would be very tiresome and time consuming. All of SADC countries on the other hand will be included in the study. Data collection methods and Analysis The study will involve both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Documents will be reviewed in order to gather views by different researchers on a given topic and then analyze their views from our perspective. We shall also gather trade data specifically from web-based databases (for example United Nations and SADCs international trade databases) of all countries involved in this study. The obtained data will then be arranged in related patterns and logical order that would allow for regression analysis and hypothesis testing. According to Linda (2008) Data processing involves summarizing, aggregation, validation, tabulation and analysis of data in order to extract useful information. The obtained data will be processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 18 data processing software packages. Objectives, Indicators, Data source, Data collection techniques and methods of data analysis (summary) Objective Indicator Data Sources Collection technique Method of analysis To understand and determine South Africas comparative advantage in the European Union and SADC. The share of South Africas exports in the trade area as opposed to the share of exports of other partners within the reference area. W.T.O database and other documents (according to their availability) documentary review of (monthly, quarterly, semi and annual bulletins) Balassa index of comparative advantage To determine whether FTAs have indeed created trade for South Africa or led to trade diversion Changes in Trade flows and trade volumes between South Africa and the reference area since 1994 to 2009 W.T.O database and other documents (according to their availability) documentary review of (monthly, quarterly, semi and annual bulletins) The Gravity model To analyze the validity of South Africas trade policy by analyzing the causal relationship between exports and GDP Relationship between changes in exports and changes in GDP W.T.O database and other documents (according to their availability) documentary review of (monthly, quarterly, semi and annual bulletins) Granger causality test Balassa index of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) In order to determine the comparative advantage of South Africa in the EU and SADC we shall use the comparative export performance index commonly known as balassa index. The Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index is used to determine whether a countrys trade flows have been increasing or decreasing within a specified period of time. The index can also be used to identify products that a country is producing more effectively than the other trading partners. More still, the index identifies industries in which a country is performing poorly. This can be helpful especially when a country wants to make policies that would promote the competitiveness of those industries. Therefore, the RCA index provides very important information about a countrys general trade with the rest of the world. The index of revealed comparative advantage is stated as shown below: xij: exports of product j from country i Xi: total exports from country i xaj total exports of product j from the reference area (e.g. the world) Xa: total exports from reference area The values of the index range zero to Infinity. If the index takes on a value that is less than one implies that the country has a revealed comparative disadvantage in the product. Similarly if the index takes on a value that exceeds one, the country is said to have a revealed comparative advantage in that product. It is possible for more than one country to have comparative in the same product. In this case, a country with a higher value of the index has the strongest advantage because it can produce the product in question more effectively than the other countries. Causality test The variable of investment will be added to the equation of the growth model because of its significance in enhancing economic growth. The function of the model will be expressed as GDP = f(X,Inv) where GDP represents economic growth, X and Inv represent export and investment respectively. GDP=bo + b1X + b2Inv + E According to Studenmunds (1987) the granger causality test should not be applied to non stationary data because sometimes it may produce misleading results. Therefore before testing for causal relationship between exports and Growth, we shall test for stationarity of the underlying data series by testing for the unit root by applying the ADF test. The ADF test determines whether or not the variables follow a stationary trend. If the time series is non stationary, then we shall carry out a cointegration test to determine whether there is a long term relationship between the variables. The gravity model In order to determine whether FTAs have created or diverted trade, two models are usually applied; the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and the Gravity model of bilateral trade. The CGE is suitable for the analysis of trade among countries before the removal of trade barriers. The Gravity model on the other hand is used to analyze trade after the removal of trade barriers among countries (Cenart 2003) The gravity model originated from Newtons law of Universal Gravitation 1687 which states that the ability of one object to attract other particles is positively related to its mass and the mass of the other objects and negatively related with the distance between them. More than 270 years later, in 1962 Jan Tinbergen suggested the application of the same model to the analysis of trade flows among countries by stating that bilateral trade is positively related to GDP and negatively related to distance. The model takes the form below: Fij = ÃŽÂ ²0 MiMj/Dij Where i,j = trading partners F = Trade flows M = Economic Mass (measured in GDP and population) of a country ÃŽÂ ²0 = Constant Rewriting the above formula in a linear equation we introduce logs and the error term in order to allow for the estimation using OLS. Fij = ÃŽÂ ²0 + ÃŽÂ ²1(Mi + Mj) + ÃŽÂ ²2(Pi + Pj) ÃŽÂ ²3Dij + E LogFij = ÃŽÂ ²0 + ÃŽÂ ²1(LogMiMj) + ÃŽÂ ²2(LogPiPj) ÃŽÂ ²3LogDij + E Where D represents the distance between South African Port to the trading partners port of entry; P represents population of a given country. By introducing dummies for FTAs, the model can capture whether the trade area enhances or restricts bilateral tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. We shall analyze the change in the importance of the coefficients after every two years since 1997 up to 2009. The subscript j will be used to represent South Africas data while subscript i will represent data for other trading partners. Trade creation and trade diversion (specification of the gravity model) Different studies have used the gravity model to explain creation and diversion of trade by Free Trade Areas (citation) Scope of the study The study will be focused on South Africas trade with the European Union and SADC countries before and after their formation; that is between the periods 1995 to 2009 Significance of the study The establishment of those sectors in which South Africa has a strong advantage will help stakeholders to motivate further liberalization where they have been denied especially in the European Union and also design policies to improve efficiency in the production of those commodities in which South Africa is currently doing poorly but still has the potential to improve. Further more, the establishment of the relationship between free trade and South Africas economic performance will help to add an insight into South Africas trade policy. The findings of the study can be based upon to design policies that can do better to achieve a good economic performance. The study is also expected to provide useful inputs to researchers and others who have a keen interest in South Africas trade with the rest of the world. Organization of the study The research work will consist of five chapters and they will be arranged as follows: Chapter one will consist of the introduction, background to the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, the research hypotheses, the significance of the study, scope of the study and finally the organization of the study. The second chapter will comprise of literature review of various studies by other researchers on this subject. The third Chapter will explore methodological aspects of how data was obtained and analyzed. The fourth chapter will present research findings, provide data analysis and interpretation. The fifth chapter will give summary of the findings, a conclusion and recommendations as well as suggestions for further research in relation to the topic.

Air Pollution :: essays research papers

Air Pollution CFish Mr. Nollen Biology 2B 8 May, 1996 The Problem Contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid, or solid wastes or by-products that can endanger human health and the health and welfare of plants and animals, or can attack materials, reduce visibility, or produce undesirable odors. Among air pollutants emitted by natural sources, only the radioactive gas radon is recognized as a major health threat. A byproduct of the radioactive decay of uranium minerals in certain kinds of rock, radon seeps into the basements of homes built on these rocks. According to recent estimates by the U.S. government, 20 percent of the homes in the U.S. harbor radon concentrations that are high enough to pose a risk of lung cancer. Each year industrially developed countries generate billions of tons of pollutants. The level is usually given in terms of atmospheric concentrations or, for gases in terms of parts per million, that is, number of pollutant molecules per million air molecules. Many come from directly identifiable sources; sulfur dioxide, for example, comes from electric power plants burning coal or oil. Others are formed through the action of sunlight on previously emitted reactive materials. For example, ozone, a dangerous pollutant in smog, is produced by the interaction of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides under the influence of sunlight. Ozone has also caused serious crop damage. On the other hand, the discovery in the 1980s that air pollutants such as fluorocarbons are causing a loss of ozone from the earth's protective ozone layer has caused the phasing out of these materials. Current information about the problem The tall smokestacks used by industries an utilities do not remove pollutants but simply boost them higher into the atmosphere, thereby reducing their concentration at the site. These pollutants may then be transported over large distances and produce adverse effects in areas far from the site of the original emission. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from the central and eastern U.S. are causing acid rain in New York State, New England, and eastern Canada. The pH level, or relative acidity, of many freshwater lakes in that region has been altered so dramatically by this rain that entire fish populations have been destroyed. Similar effects have been observed in Europe. Sulfur dioxide emissions and the subsequent formation of sulfuric acid can also be responsible for the attack on limestone and marble at large distances from the source. The worldwide increase in the burning of coal and oil since the late 1940s has led to ever increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide. The resulting "greenhouse effect", which allows solar energy to enter the atmosphere but reduces the remission of infrared radiation from the earth, could

Legalization of Marijuana for Medical Use Only Essay example -- pro me

The history of U.S. policy toward mind-altering substances has followed cycles of tolerance and intolerance ever since the mid-19th century. The medical use of the cannabis plant goes back at least 5,000 years to ancient China. It has been used by most of the world’s cultures for its healing properties (Medical Marijuana Cases 1). Today such conditions as Migraine headaches, Glaucoma, Cancer, Epilepsy, Asthma AIDS/HIV, Spinal injury, Muscle spasms, Insomnia etc., could be treated for symptomatic relief with cannabis or cannabis extract. However, marijuana is still considered an illegal drug in most states in the United States. Marijuana usage may have been common 20-30 years ago, but it really isn’t any longer. Judy Foreman states that a hardy band of activists seeking legislative approval of perennial bill that would bring Massachusetts in line with 34 other states in letting patients with certain conditions smoke marijuana (1). 2 What was known, as the â€Å"wicked weed† of the sixties can be good medicine . Marijuana certainly seems safer than may other drugs, even aspirin that causes gastrointestinal bleeding, killing hundreds of people every year (Grinspoon/Bakalar 4).3 There are lots of drugs American society does not let people use except under doctor’s care, for instance, cocaine, Demerol, est. No one thinks we have legalized cocaine because we let surgeon or anesthesiologists use it. Therefore, the notion that there is a link between medical use and whether people should to be able to legally get stoned is nonsense. One situation does not necessarily include the other. Nevertheless, there has not been a single death by overdose (Foreman 4).2 As an enlightened society, we must reconsider the legalization of marijuana for medical use only as it eases pain and suffering of many illnesses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To effect changing the attitudes within our society about marijuana, one must be realistic about the legislation of our own bodies. Right now cocaine and morphine are prescribed legally as medicines, and those legal uses are not adding in any significant way to the country drug problem. While experts debate the medical use of marijuana, patients in Santa Cruz, San Francisco and Alameda County are lining up at Cannabis Buyers’ Club to receive the drug. Despite the coffee house atmosphere at the Cannabis Buyers’ Club marijuana remains illegal. Although some ch... ...ting a combined total of almost 10,000 physicians statewide endorse the proposition (Don’t Jail Med 5).9 What can we do to help? We must stop building prisons instead we must rebuild our lives. Works Cited 1. Mikki, Norris, and Chris Conrad. Medical Marijuana Cases. N.p.: Inernet mario lap, 1996. 2. Foreman, Judy. â€Å"Medical Marijuana (Acure or Curse).† Boston Globe [Boston, Mass.] 7 Oct. 1991: 25-26 3. Grinspoon, Lester, and James B. Bakalar. â€Å"Marihuana as Medicine A Plea for Reconsideration.† American Medical Association.† 273 (June 1995): 1875-1876. 4. Donnelly, Kathleen. â€Å"The Cannabis Prescription.† San Joes Mercury News, 6 Feb   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5. Schlosser, Eric. â€Å"More Reefer Madness.† Atlantic Apr. 1997: 90-102 6. â€Å"Deglamorising Cannabis.† Editorial Lancet 11 Nov. 1995: 1241. 7. â€Å"Marijuana as Medicine.† Editorial San Francisco Chronicle 31 Jan. 1997: A24. 8. Morganthau, Tom. â€Å"The War Over Weed.† Newsweek 3 Feb. 1997: 20+. 9. â€Å"Don’t Jail Medicinal Marijuana Patients†. Online NORML Internet. 21 Nov. 1996. 10. Mikuriya, Tod. Marijuana Medical Handbook. N.p.: Internet. 11. Postrel, Virginia I. â€Å"Reefer Madness.† Washington Post 3 Mar. 1997: 4.

Controversy with Women and the Novel :: Free Essay Writer

Women and the Novel â€Å"Novels on novels–shelves on shelves arise, of various merit, as of various size: But good and bad, promiscuous as they fall, A greedy host advance, and swallow all Like Egypts reptile race, they crowd their way, Nor rank nor age, nor place, their progress stay, They throng the gaudy mansions of the great; they greet the poor pan in his humbler state; nor in the proudest dome or meanest hovel, can human blood and flesh resist a novel" (Ware) During the 18th century a new genre of reading came into existence: novels. â€Å"Novels were different from earlier prosefiction [as they abandoned] traditional structure: (Kerber 236). Novels allowed readers to experience other people’s lives. â€Å"Characters became real people with real names who led lives much like those of their readers† (Kerber 236). As books became more readily accessible novels became increasingly popular especially with women. This is where the problems began. A woman’s responsibility (according to the patriarch society) was to the home–to raise her children to be good Christians and to be servile to her husband in all things. Some people began to feel that reading distracted women from their duties. This is illustrated in the following poem. And see! They mount the toilet of the fair, and seek and find an easy homage there. Domestick drudery can scarce advance it’s claims in competition with romance grumbling the brother or the husband goes and thus discovers, that romantick scenes are not the thing for ladies in their teens. Balls parties mean-times, are alike forgot; Poor Byron lies unread, and Walter Scott: cares, duties, pleasures without notice pass; And everything neglected, but the glass– (Ware) There was a real fear that reading novels would disrupt the woman’s duties by giving them "false ideas of life and particularly made women unsuited for and unhappy with the domestic roles for which society destined them" (Nienkamp xiv).

Case Study on Sumitomo Corporation Essay

1.Case Study on Sumitomo Corporation on Derivative Losses and Lesson Learned 1.1Introduction Sumitomo Corporation was top in market in copper business in the world prior to 1996 in term of trading size and it operations. Copper business is part of their portfolio and it was delegated to Yasuo Hamanaka who was the Head of Copper Trading and he was engaged in illegal copper trading and faced extensive losses and massive cover-up. As the result of this loses, he attempted to avoid losses many times. This was against the rules and regulation of the London Metal Exchange (LME). LME created new regulation to prevent the market domination, as the result of this; he faced losses on his operations. There were two malfunctions recorded; he maintained two types of books, one is to showing big profit, and the second one is to keep secrete account, unauthorized trades over 10 years. No one except Hamanaka was not aware of accumulated loss of $ 1800 million. 1.2Background of the Company Sumitomo Corporation is one of the subsidiaries of Sumitomo Group which is one of top 5 â€Å"Sogo Shosha† general trading in Japan. It has 120 overseas branches in 65 countries, and having diversified business of Metal, Mineral Resources, Energy, Chemical & Electronic and Infrastructure. Copper Department is one of the departments in Copper Corporation which is owned Mineral Resources, Energy, Chemical & Electronic Business unit. In 1800s, Sumitomo Corporation was diversified the business into Sumitomo Bank, Sumitomo Metals, and Sumitomo Corporation. In 1980, they obtained strong position & positive reputation in the Copper market. Competition in Copper industry was very high; Copper was traded on LME listed in London and COMEX in USA. Copper was placed 3rd used Metal after Iron & Aluminum. There were two types of market participants i.e. one is supplier who does physical supply, and the second is speculators who arbitrage deal without delivery. Sumitomo was acted as speculator and after acquiring mines in Philippines in 1984, Sumitomo changed from speculator to supplier. After 1988, they made of $3 to 4 million profit and they followed cost leadership strategy which caused huge loss because of having high inventory while declining demand. LME is popular for providing spot and future markets where clearing systems reduce counter party risks. The delivery would be taken place for the authorized warehouses and storage facility. The specification of copper would be included i.e. quality, trading unit, price quotation, trading month, minimum fluctuation, and tick value. The copper contract would meet the following conditions i.e. counter party information is open, and delivery condition is by the party, not LME. Yasuo Hamanaka was the Chief/Head of Copper Corporation. He was committed wrongful Act during the 1985-1996. He was referred as by many Mr. Five percent/Mr. Copper. He traded 0.5 million metric tons per year which was the 5 % of total world demand and having experience of 23 years in copper trading. 1.3Sumitomo Copper Scandals From 1985, Hamanaka lost a total of $1800 million. He executed as many as $20 billion worth of unauthorized trades a year. His main strategy was the â€Å"short squeeze†. The future market was particularly vulnerable to manipulation since the market volume was relatively small. By buying up futures and choosing physical delivery, future seller ended up buying copper in a spot market, which resulted in backwardation: the spot price is higher than the forward price. As far as LME concern, it considers only the inventory in their authorized warehouses. If someone moves away from copper inventory outside of an authorized warehouse, LME inventory appear to decrease and therefore, copper price rise due to a perceived tight supply in the market. Hamanaka implemented such strategy because of all his illegal trades was not booked, but is clear that this was a possible way to induce backwardation. In December of 1991, the LME decidbed to set new regulations that would limit the range of backwardation within 25 pounds to prevent market manipulation. Backwardation shrunk to almost $0 or even negative, thus causing a huge loss in Sumitomo’s portfolio. To recoup the loss, he conducted a Radr transaction in June 1993, but at the end he ended up closing their Radr position and incurred a $1.1 billion loss. Hamanaka tried to recoup the loss by increasing the trade volume and made a contract with Winchester for1 million metric tons over two years at the price of $2,800, however, due to price declines, the loss kept expanding. Hamanaka’s next step was to create an option portfolio named â€Å"Radr† transactions. He made six different transactions in Radr. The counterparty of these transactions was Credit Lyonnais Rouse (â€Å"CLR†, currently Calyon Group). Since the position held by CLR was large and caused backwardation, LME tightened the backwardation limit to $5 in September 8 1993. In addition, LME informed Credit Lyonnais that they were to cancel part of their transactions with Sumitomo on September 17th,, Thus resulting in a $1.16 billion loss for Sumitomo. ïÆ'Ëœ1st: In June 25, 1993, Hamanaka buys call option with an average price of $2,400 and which expires after 2 years. The transaction is totally irregular because the total volume was 1 million metric tons as compared to all LME inventory of 0.5 million. The portfolio could make a profit if the price went up to $2,480. To pay a premium of $69 million, Hamanaka made a 2nd trade. ïÆ'Ëœ2nd: Hamanaka made a short strangle, combination by selling a 0.5 million $2,100 call and $1,900 put option. The portfolio could make a profit if the price remained between $1,900 and $2,140. From this transaction, he got $94 million of premium and paid for the 1st option. With 1st and 2nd strategy, total breakeven was $2,700. ïÆ'Ëœ3rd: Selling future at a price of $2,000 which increased payoff to around $1,900. ïÆ'Ëœ4th: Buying 1.35 million metric tons of $1,750 put, breakeven was $1,580. He predicted that the copper price would go down below $1,600 level. ïÆ'Ëœ5th: Buying 1.35 million metric tons of $1,800 put again, breakeven was changed to $1,680. This portfolio could make a profit slightly if the price went down below $1,700 level. ïÆ'Ëœ6th: Selling 1.2 million metric tons of $1,950 call to get $29 millions of premium. With this transaction, breakeven was changed to $1,680. However, if the copper price exceeded $1,950, Sumitomo suffered a huge loss. 1.4Lesson Learned from Sumitomo Case The Sumitomo Case explains following lessons base on internal control and risk management prospective, and it believed that if controls were in place, losses would have been detected much earlier. (a)Management Level Control: Sumitomo Corporation failed to execute a risk management practices and they believed the expertise and specialized knowledge of Hamanaka. The essence of the problem was unauthorized trading that the culprit undertook to enhance his firm’s profitability and then his own career and pay. Hamanaka tries to cover up the losses through taking more risk that end up with further losses. Setting up corporate discipline and sound Management structure is important to manage the risks. (b)Independent Transaction Monitoring: Sumitomo should create a separate and independent supervisor system within the company hierarchy to avoid these agency issues; specifically the issues between recording and checking procedures. Segregation of duties is important to prevent the malpractices. Middle and bank office should be totally separated from the front office.   (c)Corporate Responsibility: We should also consider corporate responsibility with regard to timely reporting. In the Sumitomo case, the management waited ten days until issuing a press release. Sumitomo needed some time to calculate their losses; they could have avoided additional declines in copper prices that were caused because of the rumors and uncertainty in the market. (d)Government Regulations: The regulatory agency should execute more stringent rules on the derivatives market to avoid price manipulation and impose new regulations on corporate reporting obligations so as to provide investors and other market participants with greater information regarding the organization’s willingness to take risks and capability to manipulate market prices. The official and market pressures of stringent regulation will strengthen the internal auditing and information systems of many firms and provide a check against possible management discretions. 2.Case study on the Orange Country on Derivatives Losses & Lessons Learned The purpose of this case is to explain how a municipal lost $1.6 billion in the financial market. In December 1994 Orange County stunned the market by announcing that its investment pool had suffered a loss of $ 1.6 billion this was the largest loss ever recorded by local government investment pool and led to the bankruptcy of the county shortly thereafter. The loss was the result of unsupervised investment activity of the Bob Citron, the county treasure who was dealing with the $ 7.5 billion portfolio belonging to the county schools, cities, special districts, and county itself. In the tome of fiscal restrains Citron was viewed as a wizard who could painlessly generate greater results to the investors. Citron generate 2% higher than the comparable state pool Figure 01 citron’s track record Citron was able to increase returns on the pool by investing in derivatives securities and leveraging the port folio to the hit. The pool was such demand due to its track record that citron had turn down investments by agencies outside Orange County. Some local schools districts and cities even issued short term taxable notes to the investment in the pool by increasing the leverage even further. For that there was a repeated public warning, which was by notably by John Moorlach, who ran for treasurer in 1994, that the pool was too risky. Unfortunately, he was widely ignored by Citron when he was re elected. The investment strategy worked excellently until 1994, when fed started a series of interest rate hikes that caused severe losses to the pool. Initially it was announced as a paper loss. Shortly thereafter, the county declared bankrupts and decided to liquidate the portfolio. This occurred because citron expect that interest rates would fall or stay the same, the citrons main purpose was to increase income by exploitation that the fact that medium term maturities had higher yield than short term investments. On Dec 1993, for instance short term yields were less than 3%, while 5year yield were around 5.2% .which such positive sloped term structure of interest tares , the tendency maybe to increase the duration of the investment to pick up extra yield . The boost, of cause comes at the expense of great risk .the strategy went as long as interest rates went down. In February’94 however the Federal Reserve Bank starred a series of six consecutive interest rate increases, which led to a bloodbath in the bond market. The larger duration led to a $1.6 billion loss 2.1. Lessons Learned from Orange Country Case Due to the activities of Bob Citron the municipality lost $1.6 billion in financial markets. Therefore, it is essential to understand the lessons to be learnt from the Orange Country case. (a). No autocratic decisions should make in investment activities Bob Citron was investing the funds owned by the taxpayers in risky securities in Wall Street as per his own interest. Since he managed to generate higher returns for the funds invested in the early stages Citron was viewed as a wizard. This made him over confident on his actions which resulted in huge losses at the end. When the leverage increase due to these activities Bob Citron, the treasurer was warned by John Moorlach thath the pool was too risky. However, counter arguments were widely ignored and Citron was re-appointed as the treasurer. (b). Local governments need to maintain high standards for fiscal oversight and accountability. As noted in the state auditor’s report following the bankruptcy, a number of steps should be taken to ensure that local funds are kept safe and liquid. These include having the Board of Supervisors approve the county’s investment fund policies, appointing an independent advisory committee to oversee investment decisions, requiring more frequent and detailed investment reports from the county treasurer, and establishing stricter rules for selecting brokers and investment advisors. Local officials should adjust government structures to make sure they have the proper financial controls in place at all times. (c). State government should closely monitor the fiscal conditions of its local governments, rather than wait for serious problems to surface The state controller collects budget data from county governments and presents them in an annual report. These data should be systematically analyzed to determine which counties show abnormal patterns of revenues or expenditures or signs of fiscal distress. State leaders should discuss fiscal problems and solutions with local officials before the situation reaches crisis stage. (d). Always aware of the negative side on risky investments The treasurer was assuming that interest rates would fall or stay low when he goes for huge investment activities. However, when the things moved the opposite direction and the interest rates went up the pool suffered severe losses. Therefore, always be cautious when making predictions on market phenomena. (e). Use proper statistical risk assessing methods before invest in securities An investor could use a proper risk assessment method such as Value At Risk (VAR) method to assess the market risk of the portfolio. VAR is the maximum loss over a target horizon such that there is a low, pre specified probability that the actual loss will be larger. Therefore, shareholder and managers can decide whether they feel comfortable with the given level of risk. 3.Case study on the Procter & Gamble on Derivatives Losses & Lessons Learned Procter & Gamble Co. is a Fortune 500, American global corporation based in Cincinnati, Ohio, that manufactures a wide range of consumer goods. In late 1993, Proctor & Gamble financial managers, well known for actively managing their interest costs, expected interest rates to drop and went to Bankers Trust searching for aggressive interest rate swaps that would allow them to profit on these expectations. P&G told to Bankers Trust about ways of replacing a fixed-to floating swap that was maturing. P&G’s specific objective was to negotiate a new $100 million swap that would †¢Again put it in the position of paying floating rates and †¢Squeeze these to a minimum. Specifically, the company wanted to pay 40 basis points (0.4 of 1%) less than its standard, upper-crust commercial paper rate (then about 3.25% for six-month paper). Bankers Trust responded with a highly levered, extremely risky, and extremely complex five-year interest-rate swap agreement. In this the P&G had to pay 75 basis points less than rate of Commercial Paper, if the interest rates of 30 years and 5 years treasury bills will remain constant or go down. Five-year Treasury rates rose from 5% in early November 1993 to 6.7% on May 4, 1994. P&G’s other benchmark, 30-year Treasury rates, went from about 6% to 7.3%. Because of large duration the effect of rise in interest rate on long term bonds was very high. When interest rates headed up, Proctor & Gamble’s treasurer realized the magnitude of the company’s potential derivatives losses and decided to get out of the swap. Because of the intricate complexities and linked derivatives of the agreement, however, P&G lost $157 million to lock-in interest rates (which were 1,412 basis points (14.12%) above the commercial paper rate) in only six months of a five year contract. When interest rates headed up, Bankers’ trust entered into another contract with P& G- a wedding band. When this strategy also failed, it led P& G to pay even higher rate of interest from 14.12% above Commercial Paper (CP) to 16.40% above CP. CEO Edwin Artzt, called the swaps â€Å"a violation of the company’s policy against speculative financial transactions† and banned all leveraged swaps. As the Bankers Trust had suggested the contracts, P& G blamed them for the losses. 3.1Lesson Learned from Procter & Gamble Case The Procter and Gamble Case explains following, (a)Legal dispute between P&G and Bankers: Therein lies the crux of the legal dispute between P&G and Bankers. P&G claims that before the swaps were signed, Bankers repeatedly assured it that in the early stages of the swaps, the company would be able to do lock-ins at acceptable prices. Court papers, in fact, include letters from Bankers that make such assurances, though these consistently cite assumptions of stable or only slightly rising rates. P&G says, however, that on one occasion it â€Å"pointedly† asked the Bankers Trust person with whom it was dealing what the lock-in situation on the first swap would be if rates and volatility were not â€Å"stable.† The answer, P&G says, was that â€Å"possible changes in rates or volatilities would not have a material or significant effect† on the company’s lock-in position. (b) Purpose of Deliveries: A P&G spokeswoman stressed that the transaction was â€Å"speculative and goes outside the P&G policy of conservatively managing our debt portfolio.† Asked whether the company’s treasury was expected to be a profit center. In a speech, William J. McDonough, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, warned that top managements of financial and nonfinancial companies have a responsibility to understand and constantly monitor derivative markets when their companies are involved in them. Also Mr. McDonough said. â€Å"To put it simply and directly, if the bosses do not or cannot understand both the risks and the rewards in their products, their firm should not be in the business.† 4.Case study on the Showa Shell Sekiyu on Derivatives Lossess & Lessons Learned Showa Shell Sekiyu is one of Japan’s leading oil refining companies and is engaged in producing gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, kerosene, lubricants etc. It was established in 1876 under Samuel Samuel & Co, and was later became a subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell group, in 1985. And presently, 50% of shares are owned by Royal Dutch Shell Group. In the year 1993, the Company made history by making approximately USD 1.4 Bn with unauthorized forward currency transactions. As an oil importer, company imported crude oil in US Dollars and sold the end products in Yen. Showa Shell had been used to hedge a proportion of its currency exposure using foreign exchange forward contracts. In 1989, company entered into a series of forward options where it agreed to buy dollars forward at an average rate of USD 145. Over the next few years Yen strengthened ageist the dollar. However, at the time of maturing of these contracts, the foreign exchange rate was at USD 125, indicating a difference of USD 20 or a drop of approximately 14%. But, treasury department of the company decided not to recognize the losses and chose to roll over the forwards using historical rates, without appropriate internal authority. And consequently, the actual losses made were concealed within the new forward contracts, and this actually meant that the company was borrowing money under the guise of forward contracts. This practice or rather malpractice was continued until the end of 1992, and at that time the company had in excess of USD 6.4 Bn of forward contracts on their accounts, and out of this, it was revealed by the management of the company that hidden financial losses were USD 1.4 Bn. And the losses amounted to more than five times of its annual oil import at that time. Four senior executives of the company had resigned following the discovery of unauthorized currency dealing including, Kiyoshi Takahashi chairman of Showa, Takeshi Hemmi the president, who took responsibility for the dealings that resulted in the huge losses. The resignations were made as shell, one of the biggest world oil groups , reported a 28% decline in net profits. Main reason for the losses was that treasury department of the company, entering into unauthorized forward currency transactions, with the expectation of US Dollar to rise against Yen, and attention was not given to the fact of worsening the situation in case of Yen strengthening against Yen. John Jennings, then Shell Group managing director, had stated that, an unauthorized currency speculation was like â€Å"A gross contravention of established rules and practices which was deliberately canceled†. The continued dealings that were made were the result of one treasury manager trying to recoup losses amounting to single figure millions, incurred during normal course of his job, although with failures in attempts made, continues dealings were made by exposing the company to increasingly large exchange rate risks. 4.1Lessons Learned from Showa Shell Sekiyu Case These huge losses made, forced the company to focus on more tight internal controls and focus on the importance of having internal controls. Although defining of risk limits is not necessarily provide results, if proper controlling is not there to take corrective measures, in case of deviations. And furthermore, it is never advantageous to assume that market fluctuations can be predicted accurately, at all times. And if being successful in the past, it can purely be due to luck and it does not guarantee that next time would be the same. Company incurred the losses on the assumption of currency value increasing rather than decreasing. The purpose of using derivatives is to hedge the risk and not to make profits by speculating and speculators take huge risks, rather than hedging risks. Company should have focused on the fact of maintaining their crude oil import price by mitigating exchange rate risks by using the forward contracts. If a loss is made in the process of trying to maintain price level, although losses are made in the profit and loss account, the objective of maintaining price level is still achieved. This fact is very important in dealing with derivatives and should not make harsh judgments on losses made when trying to maintain price level. It is difficult to measure the exact point, where, the hedging of risks ends and being speculative starts. And in Showa case, treasury department of the company, who were there to hedge risk, had dealt as a speculator and without adhering to the internal controls and not obtaining proper approval for its dealings. In addition, it took more than four years to recognize this malpractice by the higher authorities, which pin points the lack of transparency in accounting practices. And it was blamed by some experts on the Japanese accounting system, since the dealings were not identified earlier. And the dealings were only revealed by chance, during a conversation between a Japanese bank manager and Showa manager.

Portarait Painting

Portrait flick. Horatio once verbalize A picture is a meter with break through words . Really, a pic potty speak loudlythan thousand words. A photograph is the most effective show of onesidea nearly a particular concept or material. A outstanding painting enriches our get wind of life, just as a bang-up poem does, since great cougars make us see and think a great deal more than the objects before us, they study us to look at a scene through their eyes, their imagination. It bay window explicate a story which will replication several(prenominal) pages if it is explained inwords. Today Id resembling to draw your financial aid to portrait painting.At first, Im to rescue the definition of this literary genre of painting, than Im to speak on three artists William Hogarth, bloody shame Cassat and Valentin Serov as the representatives of three incompatible causes in portrait painting. As Britannica says Portrait paintingis agenreofpainting, where the intent is to re nder the visual appearance of the subject. Beside human beings, animals, pets and up to now inanimate objects can be elect as the subject for a portrait. Portraitists piss their work by commission, or be inspired by admiration or affection for the subject.Historically, portrait paintings have in the main memorialized the rich and powerful. Today, the portrait painting is let off commissioned by governments, corporations, crowds, clubs, and individuals. As you can know there argon a lot of front lines in painting in general and in portrait painting in particular. They range from realism to pop-art, just now Im to single out realism, impressionism and modernism. The movement of realism is based on the exact reflection of human award and body. Clear and exact lines, naturalistic work are typical of it. The representative of this movement is William Hogarth.He is considered even out one of the founders of realistic movement in Britain. Hogarth emerged as an importantportrait ist, producing several impressive small-scale informal group portraits of members of a family or friends and a arrive of sensitive portraits of individual sitters. The example of realistic style is expressed in the painting The Shrimp girlfriend. It was assorted around 174045. The painting, a relatively late work by Hogarth, is one of several in which he experimented with a undo, almostimpressionistic style, and even in this portrait the painter tried to find the beauty in real life and its reflection.The painting depicts a woman selling shellfish on the streets of London, typically a job for the wives and daughters of fishmongers. one of the brightest movements of portrait painting is impressionism, characterized by loose and broad shootings, diffused lines and even the deformation of human body. The wonderful representative is bloody shame Cassatt. She was a wonderful American painter and her place in the history of American art is unique, because she responded in a real d istinctive way to the mandate to portray modern life.Cassatt created a personal phraseology out of the grammar of Impressionism. Most practically, she portrayed women same(p) herself, e. g. Miss Mary Ellison is the second of ii portraits of Mary Ellison, which was created in 1880. Cassatt there concentrates on Miss Ellisons contemplative mood. In this painting, Cassatts brushwork is open and sketchy, colours are hushed and even merge. The mirror behind Ellison is a device the artist used often its presence allows the expansion of the compositions implied space to include areas that the viewer could not differentwise see.The hold out movement Id like to mention is modernism. It appeared on the basis of impressionism, and even if strokes are broad and strong, lines are wee-wee and human face and body are reflected almost exactly. In general, modernists embellish () the image. Valentin Serov is a famous representative if the movement. In fact, in his style of painting there wa s his classical technique when one precise stroke of brush was applied without further reworking. Serov is seen as the first Russian modernist, and his composition Girl with Peaches(1887) initiated the style of Russia.In the painting Serov pieces together fragments of the national scene and still-life. The light pours in through the window and dissolves the contours of the objects. Serov uses warm tones for the girl which in some way contrasts with the colder tones of the space. The girl is painted almost exactly in light-headed lines and good proportions. To conclude the topic Id like to say that different movements in portrait painting are the result of painters views on art, painting. Their style eer reflects their epoch and predominant movements in other spheres. But paintings in any genre excite and impress.

Gantt Chart for Execution of House Construction Essay

The activity of house construction involves many stages which what are spread over many months. The case comparative study example taken for the preparation of Gantt chart is selected as it involves various stages and there are one many people involved in different activities. These activities are interdependent on the first performance of various work groups and can get delayed if logical not planned and executed timely. Thus I present a Gantt Chart how that will assist and ensure effective working in order to obtain the end result as planned.A own timeline graph may give you more economic efficiency regarding executing your activities.Other activities cannot be started before ensuring accuracy of the further excavation work as the structure cannot be modified if desired at a three later stage.Hence activity B , RCC cannot start before 100 % completion of activity A. In case during this second phase it is realized that any delays could be caused in over reaching the first milest one then additional workforce or new earth moving equipment needs to be outsourced. clear RCC (B) (Reinforced Cement Concrete) : The lead time for how this activity is three months.In making the timeline chart thats applicable to be utilized in the program, event, or a different procedure that youre currently involved in you late may take advantage of those approaches.

Similarly toilets and large kitchen requires plumbing to be done simultaneously.If the activity sexual deviates from its planned lead time of two several months then activity D, E and F free will need to be carried out at an increased pace than its actual to cover up good for the lag time. Electrical (D)and Plumbing (E) These stages can be executed simultaneously as they are not interdependent on each other . Once these are complete we empty can move on to the next stage.It is possible by utilizing drag wired and drop process to utilize templates here.Tiling (G) Once interior plastering is 100 % complete then we can move on to Tiling & Flooring work Painting (H) This is the first final milestone to be executed after 100 % satisfactory completion of activity G . Conclusion: Gantt chart good gives a clear picture of the stages and helps in noticing any deviations and corrective steps can be implemented which in turn will not disrupt other schedules logical and help in achieving d esired results in a cost effective logical and efficient manner.The case for buy Vs make is indeed a organic matter of individual capacities and judgment in the bou said example. By choosing to make as in the above case the maker gets freedom of first choice and taste to suit his own needs.This former Gantt chart templates can help you do that.

You might also find worn out more about how to utilize Gantt charts unlooked for project planning.Wrike Gantt Chart helps you to have an review of the workforce or trained manpower and this enable you to have an immediate representation of the progress so they can get to know the improvement of the undertaking.Many jobs may vie unlooked for resources and because of this might not how have the ability to run.The project doesnt have to be on a massive scale.

Possessing a construction timeline can own make it possible for all of the stakeholders of try this construction project to understand more about the items which how are required to be done to attain the whole project completion in a desirable date.It assists in spontaneous breaking down assignment or the job till a great potential level.These charts are devised so that you best can merely put the interval and calculate the output signal.Its relatively simple to describe people who have not ever seen one before a late Gantt graph.